Command List

Below is a short list of commands that can be used on a system running Linux.

A series of short and very easy to follow videos covering the basics of Linux are available in Kaltura (login with your UGA MyID and password) at {\textit{https://kaltura.uga.edu/channel/GACRC/176125031}}.

General Linux Commands

Moving around in the file system

Command	Action
pwd	"Print working directory" - show what directory you are in.
ls	List the contents (files and subdirectories) of a directory.
ls -l	List the contents of a dir and show additional info of the files.
ls -a	List all files, including hidden files, which typically start with a dot.
ls -lh	List the contents of a dir and show additional info of the files (the files sizes are given in easy to read units).
ls -lt	List the contents of a dir in cronological order with most recent files on top and show additional info of the files.
cd dirname	Change to the dirname directory.
cd ..	Go to the top level of your home directory.

Examining files

Command	Action
file filename	Determine the type of a file.
cat filename	Concatenate a file.
less filename	View text files and paginate them if needed.
more filename	View text files, one page at a time.

Manipulating files and directories

Command	Action
cp filename dirname	Copy a file into a directory.
cp filename1 filename2	Copy a file into another.
cp -i filename dirname	Copy a file into a directory and ask before overwriting.
cp -i filename1 filename2	Copy a file into another and ask before overwriting.
cp -r dir1 dir2	Copy a directory with its contents.
mv filename dirname	Move a file into a directory.
mv filename1 filename2	Renames a file.
mv -i filename dirname	Move a file and ask before overwriting.
mv -i filename1 filename2	Rename a file and ask before overwriting.
rm filename	Remove a file.
rm -r dirname	Remove a directory with its contents.
rm -i filename	Ask before removing a file.
rm -i -r dirname	Ask before removing a directory and its contents.
mkdir dirname	Make a directory.
rmdir dirname	Remove an empty directory.

Converting files to Linux format

Command	Action
dos2unix filename	Removes DOS/Windows line endings in file.
mac2unix filename	Removes Mac line endings in file.

Torque/Moab commands

Command	Action
sbatch	Submit a job to the queue
scancel	Cancel a queued or running job
squeue	Check the status of queued and running jobs
squeue --me	List all jobs for the user running the command
sinfo	List all nodes and their state
scontrol show job jobid	Check the status of a queued or running job

Text Editors

Sapelo2 and the teaching cluster have the following text editors available: vi, vim, emacs, nano.